 Abt 1592 - 1674 (82 years)
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| Name |
Thomas GARDNER |
| Birth |
Abt 1592 |
Sherborne, Dorset, England  |
| Gender |
Male |
| Also Known As |
Gardiner |
| Reference Number |
467296 |
| Reference Number |
483580 |
| Reference Number |
60 |
| WWW |
https://www.WikiTree.com/wiki/Gardner-159 |
| Death |
29 Dec 1674 |
Salem, Essex, Massachusetts Bay Colony |
| Person ID |
I524 |
Gummer |
| Last Modified |
1 Aug 2024 |
| Family 1 |
Margaret FRYER, b. Abt 25 Jun 1598, Sherborne, Dorset, England d. Aft 1636, Salem, Massachusetts Bay Colony (Age > 39 years) |
| Marriage |
28 Apr 1617 |
Sherborne, Dorset, England |
| Children |
| | 1. Lieut Thomas GARDNER, b. Abt Mar 1617, Sherborne, Dorset, England d. 29 Nov 1682, Salem, Essex, Massachusetts (Age 65 years) |
| | 2. George GARDNER, b. 1 Jan 1620, Sherborne, Dorset, England d. 20 Aug 1679, Hartford, Connecticut (Age 59 years) |
| + | 3. Richard GARDNER, Sr., b. Abt Jul 1622, Sherborne, Dorset, England d. 23 Mar 1688, Nantucket, Nantucket (Age 65 years) |
| + | 4. Capt. John GARDNER, b. Abt 1624 d. May 1706, Nantucket, Nantucket, Province of Massachusetts Bay (Age 82 years) |
| | 5. Sarah GARDNER, b. Abt 1627, Salem, Essex, Massachusetts Bay d. 5 Apr 1686, Beverly, Essex, Massachusetts Bay (Age 59 years) |
| | 6. Samuel GARDNER, b. 18 Jul 1627, Sherborne, Dorset, England d. Oct 1689, Salem, Essex, Massachusetts (Age 62 years) |
| | 7. Capt. Joseph GARDNER, b. Abt 1629, Salem, Essex, Massachusetts d. 19 Dec 1675, South Kingstown, Rhode Island (Age 46 years) |
| | 8. Miriam GARDNER, b. Abt 24 Mar 1633, Sherborne, Dorset, England d. Bef 26 Aug 1664, Salem, Essex, Massachusetts (Age < 31 years) |
| | 9. Seeth GARDNER, b. 25 Oct 1636, Salem, Essex, Massachusetts d. 17 Apr 1707, Salem, Essex, Massachusetts (Age 70 years) |
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| Family ID |
F116 |
Group Sheet | Family Chart |
| Last Modified |
1 Aug 2024 |
| Family 2 |
Damaris UNKNOWN, b. 1597, England d. 28 Nov 1674, Salem, Essex, Massachusetts (Age 77 years) |
| Marriage |
1641 |
Salem, Essex, Massachusetts Bay Colony |
| Family ID |
F415 |
Group Sheet | Family Chart |
| Last Modified |
1 Aug 2024 |
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| Photos |
 | Thomas Gardner, Planter; page 169
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| Thomas Gardner, Planter
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| Thomas Gardner, Planter; page 2
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| Thomas Gardner, Planter; page 3
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| Thomas Gardner, Planter; page 4
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| Thomas Gardner, Planter; page 5
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| Thomas Gardner, Planter; page 6
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| Thomas Gardner, Planter; page 7
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| Thomas Gardner, Planter; page 8
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| Thomas Gardner, Planter; page 9
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| Thomas Gardner, Planter; page 10
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| Thomas Gardner, Planter; page 11
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| Thomas Gardner, Planter; page 12
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| Thomas Gardner, Planter; page 13
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| Thomas Gardner, Planter; page 14
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| Thomas Gardner, Planter; page 15
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| Thomas Gardner, Planter; page 16
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| Thomas Gardner, Planter; page 17
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| Thomas Gardner, Planter; page 18
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| Thomas Gardner, Planter; page 19
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| Thomas Gardner, Planter; page 20
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| Thomas Gardner, Planter; page 21
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| Thomas Gardner & Margaret Friar marriage record
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| Thomas' burial
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The merging of duplicates and resulting cleanup related to this family has been long and difficult and continues. I could use some help merging the children and their families, and cleaning up the resulting narratives. Thank you so much! |
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| Notes |
- [[Category: Salem, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:England, Gardner Name Study]]
{{Puritan Great Migration|GMB|2|731}}
'''NOTE:''' This profile is protected by the Puritan Great Migration Project, thank you for researching and updating this profile. Please contact the project through the comments prior to initiating any changes to the Data Fields and wait for a response before proceeding. Thanks.
== Biography ==
{{Notables Sticker}}{{One Name Study|name=Gardner|category=Essex County, Massachusetts, Gardner Name Study}}:Thomas Gardner has recently been proven to be from Sherborne, Dorset, England with the discovery of the baptism of seven of his children.[See G2G discussion: [https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/1539793/comments-on-thomas-gardner-of-salem-1591-1674 Comments on Thomas Gardner of Salem 1591-1674]. (First post 16 Feb 2023, Bob Dunlap).] He was baptized on 30 October 1591 in Sherborne.[Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Thomas Gardiner, 30 Oct. 1591. [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2243/images/32435_239681-00407 Image 388 of 834].] This fits well with his deposed age of "about 69 years" on 26 November 1661.[Citing "EQC 2:320," Robert Charles Anderson, ''The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633, Volumes I-III'', 3 vols., 1995, 731-737 (Thomas Gardner), at 733; digital images by subscription, [https://www.americanancestors.org/DB393/i/0/733/0 ''AmericanAncestors''].][George Francis Dow, ''Records and files of the Quarterly courts of Essex county, Massachusetts'', 9 vols. (Salem, Mass. : Essex Institute, 1911-19750, 2:320-321; digital images, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924112146851?urlappend=%3Bseq=336%3Bownerid=13510798902520416-486 ''Hathi Trust''], on p. 321, testimony of Thomas Gardner, November 1661, aged about sixty-nine years.] Anderson states that Thomas Gardner's origins are unknown, but that was of course before the discovery of the baptism of his children.[Anderson, Robert Charles, ''The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633'', volume 3: P - W. (Boston: NEHGS, 1995): [https://www.americanancestors.org/DB393/i/12107/731/1415513282 pages 731-737]. Available at [https://www.americanancestors.org/DB393/i/12107/731/1415513282 AmericanAncestors.org $].] Anderson also equates him with the [[Gardner-924|Thomas Gardner]] who immigrated in 1624, though this is certainly incorrect as this Thomas Gardner had children born at Sherborne continuously until 1633.
:He married first Margaret Friar on 28 April 1617 at Sherborne.[Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Thomas Gardiner et Margaret Ffrier, 28 Apr. 1617. [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2243/images/32435_239681-00417 Image 424 of 834].] They had eight children born at Sherborne, of which the baptisms of seven can be found at Sherborne. The names of these children exactly match the known children of Thomas Gardiner of Salem, Massachusetts. Their last child was born in Salem in December 1636. Note that she [[#WifeDeath|did not die]] in 1636 as hypothesized by Anderson.
:The earliest record of Thomas Gardner in Salem is not until January 1635/6 when he signed a land grant to Thomas Scruggs, and again in February 1635/6 when he signed a grant to John Blacklech.[[[#STR1|Salem]]. ''Town Records of Salem'', vol. 1. (1868): [https://archive.org/details/townrecordsofsalv1sale/page/n19/mode/2up?view=theater pages 13 and 14].] He was probably acting in the capacity as a selectman for the town. Most likely he was among the many who immigrated to New England in 1635. He is frequently said to be the same as the [[Gardner-924|Thomas Gardner]] who was part of the Dorchester Company's fishing colony and arrived in 1624. However, they are not the same person. This is an error found in many secondary sources including Gardner, Banks, Ferris, and even in Anderson's ''Great Migration'' series.[[[#Gardner|Gardner]]. ''Thomas Gardner: Planter''. (1907): [https://books.google.com/books?id=oJMCNsCw7-0C&pg=PA3 pages 3-4].][[[#Banks|Banks]]. ''The Planters of the Commonwealth''. (1930): [https://archive.org/details/plantersofcommon00bank/page/58/mode/2up?view=theater page 58].][[[#Ferris|Ferris]]. ''Dawes-Gates Ancestral Lines'', vol. 1. (1931-1943): [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/11708/images/dvm_GenMono001331-00172-0?pId=337 pages 304-306].][[[#GMB|Anderson]]. ''The Great Migration Begins'', vol. 3. (1995): [https://www.americanancestors.org/DB393/i/12107/731/1415513282 pages 731-737].][See the profile of [[Gardner-924|Thomas Gardner]] of the Dorchester Company for more discussion.]
:Beginning in 1636, Thomas Gardner is found frequently and serving in many capacities in the town records of Salem. His name appears among those who were church members in late 1636.[[[#Pierce|Pierce]]. ''The Records of the First Church in Salem''. (1974): [https://archive.org/details/recordsoffirstch00firs_0/page/4/mode/2up?view=theater page 5].] He was made a freeman on 17 May 1637.[[[#MBCR1|Shurtleff]]. ''Records of the Massachusetts Bay in New England'', vol. 1. (1853): [https://archive.org/details/recordsofgoverno01mass/page/372/mode/2up?view=theater page 373].] Thomas Gardner was named deputy for Salem to the Massachusetts Bay General Court on 26 September 1637.[[[#MBCR1|Shurtleff]]. ''Records of the Massachusetts Bay in New England'', vol. 1. (1853): [https://archive.org/details/recordsofgoverno01mass/page/204/mode/2up?view=theater page 204]] He served on Essex grand juries 25 February 1641, 27 January 1643/4, and July 1644.[[[#STR1|Salem]]. ''Town Records of Salem'', vol. 1. (1868): [https://archive.org/details/townrecordsofsalv1sale/page/n125/mode/2up?view=theater page 120].][[[#EQC1|Essex]]. ''Quarterly Courts of Essex...'' vol. 1. (1911): [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000064462322?urlappend=%3Bseq=45%3Bownerid=13510798899857678-49 page 33], [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000064462322?urlappend=%3Bseq=69%3Bownerid=13510798899857678-75 page 57 and [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000064462322?urlappend=%3Bseq=74%3Bownerid=13510798899857678-80 page 62].] He was also named to petit juries. Thomas was fined for failing to appear for service on 29 June 1641, but appeared and served some thirteen times between 1643/4 and 1658.[[[#STR1|Salem]]. ''Town Records of Salem'', vol. 1. (1868): pages 1:104, 146, 184, 186, 202, 216.][[[#EQC1|Essex]]. ''Quarterly Courts of Essex...'' vol. 1. (1911): [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000064462322?urlappend=%3Bseq=38%3Bownerid=13510798899857678-42 pages 26], 44, 129, 153, 169, 29, 254, 283, 326, 408.][[[#EQC2|Essex]]. ''Quarterly Courts of Essex...'' vol. 2. (1912): [https://archive.org/details/recordsfilesofqu02esse/page/42/mode/2up?view=theater pages 42, 71].] Further, Gardner served on four other juries between 1636 and 1640.[[[#EQC1|Essex]]. ''Quarterly Courts of Essex...'' vol. 1. (1911): [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000064462322?urlappend=%3Bseq=15%3Bownerid=13510798899857678-19 pages 3, 6, 12, 24].] Thomas Gardner also was at various times a Salem selectman, constable, fence viewer, highway surveyor, and rater.
:He operated an inn, for which his license was issued and/or renewed many times 1660s for the sale of "strong drink." In June 1667, the license was amended to allow him to sell only to "strangers" and not to townsmen.[Citing "EQC 3:339, 431, 4:36, 37, 161, 269, 397," Robert Charles Anderson, ''The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633, Volumes I-III'', 3 vols., 1995, 731-737 (Thomas Gardner), at 731; digital images by subscription, [https://www.americanancestors.org/DB393/i/0/731/0 ''AmericanAncestors''].]
:He married, as his second wife, Damaris (_____) Shattuck. She was called the widow Shattock in 1641. "The wife of Thomas Gardner Sr" was fined for frequent absence from the public ordinances on Lord's days, along with a number of other Quakers, November Term 1660 [#EQC 2:265]. This was merely the beginning of a long string of such fines and official harassment that eventually convinced several of the sons to move with their families away from Salem. Thomas Gardner Sr. is never named as having absented himself from public worship, and history is silent on his opinion on the matter."[The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633, Volumes I-III. (Online database: AmericanAncestors.org, New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2010), (Originally Published as: New England Historic Genealogical Society. Robert Charles Anderson, The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633, Volumes I-III, 3 vols., 1995).[https://www.americanancestors.org/DB393/i/12107/735/23895094 Volume III, pp 735-736] subscription needed]
:Thomas Gardner died in Salem 29 December 1674, "husband of Damaris."["Massachusetts Deaths and Burials, 1795-1910," database, FamilySearch ), Thomas Gardner, 29 Dec 1674; citing Salem, Essex, Massachusetts, reference: FHL microfilm 877,468.[https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FCMR-JTT]]
=== Marriages and Children ===:'''Married:''' ''1st -'' Margaret Friar on 28 April 1617 in Sherborne, Dorset, England.[Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Thomas Gardiner et Margaret Ffrier, 28 Apr. 1617. [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2243/images/32435_239681-00417 Image 424 of 834].] She was baptized on 5 June 1598 in Sherborne.[Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Margaret Ffriar, 5 June 1598. [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2243/images/32435_239681-00417 Image 398 of 834].] They had eight children born in Sherborne and then one born in Salem. Margaret died after 24 March 1639/40 when she was admitted to the church in Salem.[[[#Pierce|Pierce]]. ''The Records of the First Church in Salem''. (1974): [https://archive.org/details/recordsoffirstch00firs_0/page/8/mode/2up?view=theater page 8].]
:'''Married:''' ''2nd -'' Damaris (_____) Shattuck after 2 July 1641. She was "widow Shattock" when she joined the Salem Church 2 July 1641.[[[#Pierce|Pierce]]. ''The Records of the First Church in Salem''. (1974): [https://archive.org/details/recordsoffirstch00firs_0/page/11/mode/2up?view=theater page 11].] She died Salem 28 November 1674,["Massachusetts Deaths and Burials, 1795-1910," database, FamilySearch : 10 February 2018), Thomas Gardner in entry for Damaris Gardner, 28 Nov 1674; citing Salem, Essex, Massachusetts, reference: FHL microfilm 877,468.[https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FCMR-JTR]] one month before her husband. (See TAG 30:165-68 for discussion of this woman and her many connections to the Pope and Gardner families.)
:'''Children''' of Thomas Gardner and Margaret Friar:#[[Gardner-611|Thomas Gardner]]. Baptized on 8 march 1617/8 in Sherborne, Dorset, England.[Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Thomas Gardiner, 8 Mar. 1617/8. [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2243/images/32435_239681-00445 Image 425 of 834].] He was the eldest son with a double share in his father's will. He married (1) by 1643 Hannah Hapscott[?]; he married (2) Elizabeth Horne, daughter of John Horne. Thomas died 29 November 1682 in Salem.#[[Gardner-613|George Gardner]]. Baptized on 8 march 1617/8 in Sherborne.[Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). George Gardiner, 1 Jan. 1619/20. [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2243/images/32435_239681-00447 Image 427 of 834].] He was made a freeman on 27 December 1642. He married (1) by 1644 Hannah ____; married (2) by 1654 Elizabeth (Freestone) Turner, baptized Horncastle, Lincolnshire, 17 October 1619, dau of Richard and Margery (Freestone) Freestone, and widow of Robert Turner, shoemaker, of Boston; married (3) after 1663 Elizabeth (Allen) Stone, widow of Rev. Samuel Stone. (For the identity of these three wives, Anderson followed the work of George E. McCracken [TAG 30:158-66].) George died 20 Aug 1679 in Kingston, Rhode Island.#[[Gardner-127|Richard Gardner]]. Baptized on 20 July 1622 in Sherborne.[Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Richardus Gardiner, 20 July 1622. [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2243/images/32435_239681-00451 Image 431 of 834].]Richard died 23 first month (March) 1688 in Nantucket. [Anderson claims born 1636 having died 1724, age 92, BUT Anderson did not examine the sources cited in his source; it was Richard's wife who died in 1724; Nantucket VR clearly lists a 1688 death for Richard and a 1724 death for his wife.] He married about 1652 (probably in Salem) Sarah Shattuck, daughter of his stepmother Damaris (_____) (Shattuck) Gardner. [TAG 30:168].#[[Gardner-49|John Gardner]]. Baptized on 7 December 1624 in Sherborne.[Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). John Gardiner, 7 Dec. 1624. [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2243/images/32435_239681-00455 Image 435 of 834].] (died Nantucket 6 July 1706, aged 82); married 20 February 1653/4 Priscilla Grafton [NanVR, citing "William C. Folger genealogical records in the possession of the Nantucket Historical Association"; this marriage probably took place in Salem.] Known as Captain John Gardner. He died May 1706 in Nantucket and is buried in the old burial ground on "Forefather's Hill." The original gravestone is still in existence, the only original gravestone of any of the early settlers. At present, it is kept in the old Coffin House (horseshoe house). A granite stone stands in its place at the grave, upon which is inscribed: "Here lyes buried ye body of John Gardner, Esq., age 82, who died May 1706. This stone erected in 1881 replaces one removed for preservation, which marked this spot for 175 years." His will was dated 2 December 1705 and probated on 2 October 1706.#[[Gardner-614|Samuel Gardner]]. Baptized on 18 July 1627 in Sherborne.[Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Samuel Gardener , 18 July 1627. [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2243/images/32435_239681-00459 Image 439 of 834].] He married (1) before 1658 Mary White, daughter of John and Elizabeth (____) White; married (2) Salem, 2 August 1680 Elizabeth _____ Paine.#[[Gardner-580|Joseph Gardner]], born about 1629 or 1630 (estimated about age 16 in 1645/6). No baptism has been found for Joseph, however, he was certainly born in the gap between Samuel and Sarah. Most of the baptisms for Sherborne are unreadable for 1629 and Joseph's was certainly one of them. He married Ann Downing, daughter of Emmanuel Downing; she married (2) 6 June 1676 Simon Bradstreet. Samuel died about Oct 1689 in Essex, Massachusetts.#[[Gardner-157|Sarah Gardner]]. Baptized on 6 February 1630/1 in Sherborne.[Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Sara Gardiner, 6 Feb. 1630/1. [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2243/images/32435_239681-00465 Image 444 of 834].] She married about 1650 as first of his three wives Benjamin Balch, son of John Balch. Sarah died 15 Apr 1686 in Massachusetts.#[[Gardner-612|Miriam Gardner]]. Baptized on 24 March 1632/3 in Sherborne.[Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Miriam Gardiner, 24 Mar. 1632/3. [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2243/images/32435_239681-00468 Image 447 of 834].] She married by 1657 as his first wife John Hill; he married (2) Salem 26 August 1664 Lydia Buffum. Miriam died before August 1664.#[[Gardner-592|Seeth Gardner]]. Baptized Salem 25 December 1636 [SChR 16]; married (1) Joshua Conant, son of Roger Conant; married (2) 1 December 1659, John Grafton, son of Joseph Grafton. She died 17 April 1707.
=== Last Will & Testament ===Thomas made his will on 7 December 1668; proved 29 March 1675.[George Francis Dow, ''Records and files of the Quarterly courts of Essex county, Massachusetts'', 9 vols. (Salem, Mass. : Essex institute, 1911-1975), 6:31; digital images, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044011362191?urlappend=%3Bseq=39%3Bownerid=27021597765516189-43 ''Hathi Trust'']][George Francis Dow, ''The probate records of Essex County, Massachusetts'', 3 vols. (Salem, Mass., Essex Institute, 1916-1920), 2:423-425 (Estate of Thomas Gardner of Salem); digital images, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.35112103629558?urlappend=%3Bseq=445%3Bownerid=13510798901325249-531 ''Hathi Trust''].] Inventory was taken 4 January 1675 (see below for details). The will mentions, *my wife Damaris [still living at the time he wrote the will, although she died one month before he did]
* my six sons
* my daughter Sara Balch
* my daughter Seeth Grafton
* my daughter Mirian Hills (and her daughters Miriam and Susanna Hill)
* sons George and John Gardner
* sons Samuel and Joseph Gardner
* my son Thomas
His will reads (spelling is as shown in will):
: "Weighing the uncertainty of man's life I doe therefore in the time of my health, make this my last will as followeth:
:First, I leave unto my wife Damaris, all that estate shee brought with her according to dower agreement: likewise I give unto her eight pounds, by the year during her life, to be pd her by my six sonns out of that estate I shall leave with them, which eight pounds I give on this condition, that shee give up to them her right to the third pt of my housing and lands during her life.
: 2---I give to my daughter Sara Balch: fifteene pounds.
: 3---I give to my daughter Seeth Grafton fifteene pounds.
: 4---I give to my daughter Miriam Hills two daughters, Miriam Hill and Susanna Hill to each of them five pounds to be pd to them, when they shall accomplish the age of eighteen yeares, or at theire marriage.
: I give unto my sons George & John Gardner that pt of my salt meddow, lying on the west side of Capt. George Corwin's meddow, which I value at twenty pounds.
: I give unto my sonns Samuell and Joseph Gardner, the other pt of my salt meddow lying on the east side of Capt. Corwin's meddow, wch I do likewise value at twenty pounds.
:My will is further that my houseing with the rest of my lands & goods & estate with the meddow before mentioned, shall be divided into seaven equall pts: which I doe give to my six sons, as followeth: first I give to my son Thomas two pts of ye seaven, he paying to his mother in law forty-six shillings by the yeare, during her life.
:2nd. I give to my son George Gardner one pt of the seven, he paying to his mother in law 23 shill. by the yeare during her life.
: 3rd. I give to my son Richard ..." (as above; also John, Samuel and Joseph have similar bequests in the order named).
: "I doe appoynt my sons George and Samuell to be the executors of this my will & doe desire my loveing friends Mr. Joseph Grafton Sen and Deacon Horne to be my overseers to see this my will performed."
:Signed: Thomas Gardner, The 7:10:68
:Wit: Robert Pease, Samuell Goldthrite.
:"On the 29 March 1675: Robert Pease & Samuell Goldthrite came before the worshipfull Edward King Esq. and Maj. Hathorne Esq. & Hilliard Veren clearke of the court at Salem, being present & gave oath that the above written was assigned to & declared the last will and testament of ye sd Tho: Gardner & that there is no latter will of his that they know of. Attest Hilliard Veren clerk."
=== Estate ===An inventory of the goods & estate of Thomas Gardner was taken 4 Jan 1675 by Hilliard Veren, Sr. and John Pickering and totaled £274 16s., including real estate valued at £201: "an old dwelling house with about 10 acres of land adjoining with the orchard, fences &c.," £31; ten acres of ground in the Northfield, £27; about 100 acres of upland and meadow, £100; about 20 acres of land lying in the woods, £3; and about 2 3/4 acres of salt marsh lying above the mill," £40. The inventory also included "2 old barrels of guns" valued at 5s.[George Francis Dow, ''The probate records of Essex County, Massachusetts'', 3 vols. (Salem, Mass., Essex Institute, 1916-1920), 2:423-425 (Estate of Thomas Gardner of Salem); digital images, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.35112103629558?urlappend=%3Bseq=445%3Bownerid=13510798901325249-531 ''Hathi Trust''].]
Following Thomas Gardner's probate, there was a suit filed by his sons George and Samuel against John Pudney of Salem over a farm that Pudney leased.[Citing "EQC 5:356," Robert Charles Anderson, ''The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633, Volumes I-III'', 3 vols., 1995, 731-737 (Thomas Gardner), at 733; digital images by subscription, [https://www.americanancestors.org/DB393/i/0/733/0 ''AmericanAncestors''].]
Still later, 2 September 1678, George Gardner (now of Hartford) and Samuel Gardner of Salem, as executors Thomas Gardner's estate, sold "all that part of the estate that said Gardner died possessed of and which the said executors have power to sell ..." to John Swinnerton of Salem, physician.[Citing "ELR 5:3," Robert Charles Anderson, ''The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633, Volumes I-III'', 3 vols., 1995, 731-737 (Thomas Gardner), at 733; digital images by subscription, [https://www.americanancestors.org/DB393/i/0/733/0 ''AmericanAncestors''].]
All of the above property with exception of the ten-acre lot in the north field by land of Robert Stone was bought back by Samuel on 22 July 1678, with Thomas Gardner Sen'r his brother being one of the witnesses.
=== Common Errors to Avoid ===:'''Disambiguation:''' He is frequently said to be the same as the [[Gardner-924|Thomas Gardner]] who was part of the Dorchester Company's fishing colony who arrived in 1624. However, they are not the same person. This is an error found in many secondary sources including Gardner, Banks, Ferris and even in Anderson's ''Great Migration'' series.[[[#Gardner|Gardner]]. ''Thomas Gardner: Planter''. (1907): [https://books.google.com/books?id=oJMCNsCw7-0C&pg=PA3 pages 3-4].][[[#Ferris|Ferris]]. ''Dawes-Gates Ancestral Lines'', vol. 1. (1931-1943): [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/11708/images/dvm_GenMono001331-00172-0?pId=337 pages 304-306].][See the profile of [[Gardner-924|Thomas Gardner]] of the Dorchester Company for more discussion.] Of course, similar statements that he was the overseer of the Dorchester Company's fishing colony adventure, or that he removed Roger Conant to Salem are incorrect.[[[#Young|Young]]. ''Chronicles of the First Planters''. (1846): [[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nnc1.50207715?urlappend=%3Bseq=41%3Bownerid=27021597769203067-47 page 23].][[[#Young|Young]]. ''Chronicles of the First Planters''. (1846): [[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nnc1.50207715?urlappend=%3Bseq=41%3Bownerid=27021597769203067-47 page 23].]
:'''Immigration:''' He is commonly said to have first arrived in New England in 1624 as part of the Dorchester Company's fishing colony. The discovery of his origins and the baptism of his children has shown this to be impossible. It should also be noted that there are no records of Thomas Gardner in New England between 1626 and 1636. He also received no special treatment or land grants as one of the "Old Planters" which he would have received if he was among those who arrived in 1624.
:'''Immigration on the Zouch Phoenix:''' Banks states that Thomas Gardner arrived on the Zouch Phoenix with his wife and children Richard, George and Joseph.
:'''Three wives:''' Anderson in his ''Great Migration'' biography of Thomas Gardner supposes that he had three wives: the first being the mother of his children who died about 1636, the second being the Margaret Gardner admitted to the church in 1640, and the third being the Widow Shattock that he married in 1641. This theory is based only on a 1637 land grant for a household of seven people, and since the household should have had eight people in it that perhaps his wife had died. There is no actual evidence of his wife dying, and there are other explanations for why the land grant was for only seven people. Since it is now proven that his wife was Margaret Friar, and that he was still married to a Margaret in 1640, the best explanation is that he had only two wives, Margaret Friar and the Widow Shattock.
:'''Name of 1st wife:''' (See ''The American Genealogist'' 30:156 for discussion of yet-to-be-confirmed claims she was Margaret Friar.)
== Research Notes =='''2020 G2G'''--[https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/1144201/edit-notes-specific-to-updates-for-profile-of-thomas-gardner Edit notes: specific to updates for profile of Thomas Gardner]
'''Sherborne Parish Register.''' WikiTreeer Bob Dunlap reviewed the registers on Ancestry.com and found most of the relevant entries. See his [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Gardner-159#comment_7129811 comment], 2023.
:The Baptisms for all of Thomas Gardner's children have been found at Sherborne, Dorset. This conclusively proves his origins.
::Oct. 30, 1591, Thomas Gardiner, bapti.[Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Thomas Gardiner, 30 Oct. 1591. [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2243/images/32435_239681-00407 Image 388 of 834].]::June 5, 1598, Margaret Ffriar, bapti.[Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Margaret Ffriar, 5 June 1598. [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2243/images/32435_239681-00417 Image 398 of 834].]::April 28, 1617, Thomas Gardiner et Margaret Ffrier nupti.[Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Thomas Gardiner et Margaret Ffrier, 28 Apr. 1617. [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2243/images/32435_239681-00417 Image 424 of 834].]::March 8, 1617[/18], Thomas Gardiner filius Thomas Gardiner bapti.[Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Thomas Gardiner, 8 Mar. 1617/8. [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2243/images/32435_239681-00445 Image 425 of 834].]::Jan. 1, 1619[/20], George Gardiner filius Thomas Gardiner bapti.[Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). George Gardiner, 1 Jan. 1619/20. [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2243/images/32435_239681-00447 Image 427 of 834].]::July 20, 1622, Richardus Gardiner filius Thomas Gardiner _______(?) bapti.[Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Richardus Gardiner, 20 July 1622. [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2243/images/32435_239681-00451 Image 431 of 834].]::Dec. 7, 1624, John Gardiner filius Thomas Gardiner menori(?) bapti, Image 435.[Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). John Gardiner, 7 Dec. 1624. [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2243/images/32435_239681-00455 Image 435 of 834].]::July 18, 1627, Samuel Gardener filius Thomas Gardener bap.[Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Samuel Gardener , 18 July 1627. [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2243/images/32435_239681-00459 Image 439 of 834].]::Feb. 6, 1630[/31], Sara Gardiner filia Thomas Gardiner bap.[Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Sara Gardiner, 6 Feb. 1630/1. [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2243/images/32435_239681-00465 Image 444 of 834].]::Mar. 24, 1632[/33], Miriam Gardiner filia Thomas bpt.[Dorset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, Sherborne parish. (Ancestry.com online database, original images). Miriam Gardiner, 24 Mar. 1632/3. [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2243/images/32435_239681-00468 Image 447 of 834].]
'''Immigration date?''' See the [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Gardner-159#comment_7129811 profile comment]. Are there historical records that prove the man who arrived early with the Dorchester Company is the same man later of Salem?
'''Estate.''' A prior version of this profile provided a reference for his estate of "According to County Court records, Case no. 54, March 1675."
'''Origins.''' There is no documented proof of his origins or parentage, including no proof that he was the son of [[Gardner-158|Thomas Gardner]] and [[White-702|Elizabeth White]]. Both [[Gardner-15899|Sidney Gardner]] and [[White-60353|Elizabeth White]] were previously deleted as parents.
Anderson found that Banks had stated without authority that Gardner might have come from Hurst, Martock parish, Somersetshire.[Citing "Topo Dict 143," Robert Charles Anderson, ''The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633, Volumes I-III'', 3 vols., 1995, 731-737 (Thomas Gardner), at 734; digital images by subscription, [https://www.americanancestors.org/DB393/i/0/734/0 ''AmericanAncestors''].]
Anderson further wrote, "An origin in the West County is certain, but the name is common and none of the suggestions made to date has a firm foundation." Also, "George McCracken suggested that the unusual name of the Gardners' last child, Seeth, was an indication that in previous generations there had been a marriage to someone with that surname.[Citing TAG30:157," Robert Charles Anderson, ''The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633, Volumes I-III'', 3 vols., 1995, 731-737 (Thomas Gardner), at 734; digital images by subscription, [https://www.americanancestors.org/DB393/i/0/734/0 ''AmericanAncestors''].]
'''Wife or Wives.''' A post, "Marriage of Thomas and Margaret," sponsored by the society that bears his name, [http://thomasgardnerofsalem.blogspot.com/2014/09/thomas-and-margaret.html ''Thomas Gardner Society''] argues that information found in 2014 that may explain that Margaret Friar ''was'' the first wife of Thomas Gardner and the mother of all of his children, and that he only had one other wife, Demaris ____ (widow Shattock). The Thomas Gardner Society has decided to leave all of Thomas' children attached to Margaret, not to an unknown first wife, as was argued by Robert Charles Anderson in "The Great Migration Begins." The post indicates that Margaret's parents were Walter Friar and Grace Mullins and also states "...there is a record that may show Thomas' parents: Thomas Gardner and Christine Saule."
A research post by the society, [http://thomasgardnersociety.org/html/Research/Sherborne.html Sherborne, Dorset], reports details about the discovered marriage of Thomas Gardiner and Margaret Frier on April 28, 1617 in Sherborne, Dorset, followed by baptisms of sons Thomas and George-- known to be the two oldest sons of the later Salem couple.
There is a 1591 Sherborne baptism of a Thomas Gardiner that would fit this Thomas and a 1598 baptism of Margaret Frier; unfortunately, neither baptism lists the parents. That said, there is a Sherborne marriage record for a Walter Frier and Grace Mullins on 31 Jan 1591, a reasonable timeframe to be Margaret's parents.[Dorset Online Parish Clerks (transcription) https://www.opcdorset.org/SherborneFiles/SherborneMars1560-1599.htm]'''Image linked to Margaret's profile and available at Family History Centers on-site'''[Bishop's transcripts for Sherborne, 1585-1880 FHL film 1239227 Items 8 - 15 https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/490967]
: Question: Can we confirm that this Sherborne family (Thomas and Margaret with sons Thomas and George) disappears from Sherborne records after 1624, the known migration year of the Salem, Massachusetts family?
== Sources ==
:See also:*Anderson, Robert Charles, ''The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633'', volume 3: P - W. (Boston: NEHGS, 1995): [https://www.americanancestors.org/DB393/i/12107/731/1415513282 pages 731-737]. Available at [https://www.americanancestors.org/DB393/i/12107/731/1415513282 AmericanAncestors.org (paid subscription)].
* Banks, Charles Edward. ''The Planters of the Commonwealth''. (Boston, 1930): [https://archive.org/details/plantersofcommon00bank/page/58/mode/2up?view=theater page 58].
*Essex County Courts. ''Records and Files of the Quarterly Courts of Essex...'' volume 1: 1636-1656. (Salem: The Essex Institute, 1911). [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000064462322?urlappend=%3Bseq=5%3Bownerid=13510798899857678-9 HathiTrust link]
*Essex County Courts. ''Records and Files of the Quarterly Courts of Essex...'' volume 2: 1656-1662. (Salem: The Essex Institute, 1912). [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b4941495?urlappend=%3Bseq=9%3Bownerid=13510798902283822-13 HathiTrust link], [https://archive.org/details/recordsfilesofqu02esse Internet Archive link].
*Ferris, Mary Walton. ''Dawes-Gates ancestral lines : a memorial volume containing the American ancestry of Rufus R. Dawes''. (Milwaukee: Cuneo Press, available at ancestry.com, 1931-1943): [https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/11708/images/dvm_GenMono001331-00172-0?pId=337 pages 304-306].
*Gardner, Frank Augustine. ''Thomas Gardner: Planter (Cape Ann, 1623-1626; Salem, 1626 1674) and Some of his Descendants''. (Salem: Essex Institute, 1907). [https://books.google.com/books?id=oJMCNsCw7-0C Google Books link].
*Pierce, Richard D. ed. ''The Records of the First Church in Salem, Massachusetts, 1629-1736''. (Salem 1974): [https://archive.org/details/recordsoffirstch00firs_0/page/4/mode/2up?view=theater page 5].
*Salem. William F. Upham ed. ''Town Records of Salem, Massachusetts'', volume 1 1634-1659. (Salem: The Essex Institute, 1868). [https://archive.org/details/townrecordsofsalv1sale/page/n3/mode/2up?view=theater Internet Archive link].
*Shurtleff, Nathaniel Bradstreet ed. ''Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England'', volume 1 1628-1641. (Boston, 1853).[https://archive.org/details/recordsofgoverno01mass/page/n7/mode/2up Internet Archive link].
*Young, Alexander. ''Chronicles of the First Planters of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, 1623-1636'' (Boston, C. C. Little and J. Brown, 1846): [[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nnc1.50207715?urlappend=%3Bseq=41%3Bownerid=27021597769203067-47 page 23].
:'''See Also:'''*Gardner, Benjamin Hard. ''Genealogy of the Gardner Family'', publ. 1953 in Aiken, South Carolina.
*Essex, Massachusetts probate records, book 301, leaves 62-63.*Edward Norris Wentworth, Jr, ''The Genealogy of Edward Norris Wentworth Junior,'' Chicago, Cook, Illinois, USA; June 1928
*Family Bible of [[Mctaggart-37|Glen McTaggart]]* Find A Grave: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/24962425/thomas-gardner* Wikipedia: [[wikipedia:Thomas_Gardner_(planter)|Thomas Gardner (c. 1592 – 1674)]]
* {{Wikidata|Q7789925|enwiki}}
== Acknowledgements ==
* Helen Ford
* [http://tgsoc.org/ Thomas Gardner Society, Inc.] (Gardner Research)
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